Asian Journal of Research in Biology

Rapid urbanization has intensified the demand for efficient indoor greening approaches that enhance ecological quality, spatial aesthetics, and human well-being. This review synthesizes the empirical evidence and relevant theoretical perspectives on indoor plants, with a special focus on bonsai, as beneficial resources for urban greening. The literature was examined thematically, focusing on aesthetic, ecological, and psychological aspects, as well as cultivation limitations and potential avenues for future research. Indoor bonsai positively impact the indoor environment by improving air filtration, moderating interior microclimates, and subtly sequestering carbon. Within this context, bonsai offer distinct advantages over conventional indoor plants due to their compact growth form, endurance, sculptural architecture, and ability to replicate mature tree characteristiAesthetic valuescs within confined areas. These traits support biophilic design concepts while requiring minimal spatial footprint. Empirical studies demonstrate that exposure to indoor plants, including bonsai, is associated with substantial psychological restorative effects, reduced stress, enhanced cognitive function, and support for rehabilitation, particularly among elderly individuals and those with limited mobility. The review also discusses species selection, essential maintenance requirements, and the practical challenges of indoor bonsai cultivation, including limited light availability, reduced humidity, and the need for specialized horticultural care.  Emerging research trajectories and technological innovations, such as smart horticulture technology, are also discussed. Overall, this review highlights the transformative potential of bonsai as a functionally distinct category of indoor plants, reconnecting modern society with nature and human well-being.