Asian Journal of Research in Biology

The study aims to assess the population size, distribution, and management practices of the Endangered Lion-tailed Macaque (Macaca silenus) in Indian zoos, providing insights into conservation efforts and potential areas for improvement. The lion-tailed macaque, a species endemic to the rain forests of the Western Ghats, southern India is living under human-induced altered conditions. Its range and population structure are severely affected by habitat fragmentation and deterioration. In the face of escalating biodiversity loss, conservation strategies have evolved to include both in-situ and ex-situ approaches. While in-situ conservation preserving species within their natural habitats remains the preferred method, ex-situ conservation has become essential in cases where species face imminent extinction. Indian zoos play a pivotal role in ex-situ conservation, bridging the gap between wildlife preservation, education, and research. Initially established for public amusement, zoos in India have transformed into critical centres for conservation, guided by modern zoological practices and the oversight of the Central Zoo Authority. The current global population of Lion-tailed Macaque comprises 516 in 98 zoos and Indian captive population currently comprised 51 individuals including 16 wild-born macaques. With increasing urbanization, habitat destruction, and climate change contributing to the decline of wildlife populations, the function of zoos has expanded to include breeding programs, awareness campaigns, and scientific research. These institutions now complement in-situ efforts by offering safe environments for threatened species, thereby contributing to the broader goal of sustaining biodiversity. Indian zoos not only ensure the survival of endangered species through managed care and breeding but also engage the public in environmental education, fostering a deeper understanding of wildlife conservation. The study highlights the crucial role of Indian zoos in conserving the Endangered Lion-tailed Macaque through ex-situ conservation efforts, emphasizing the importance of managed care, breeding programs, and environmental education in sustaining biodiversity. Indian zoos serve as vital centres for conservation and education.